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Limited · humanobservational

MOTS-c is associated with oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study.

Musolino M, Roumeliotis A, Roumeliotis S, Zicarelli M, Ruosi F, Greco M, Misiti R, Foti DP, Sgouropoulou V, Kocic G, Veljkovic A, Neofytou IE, Alekos I, Papas E, Duni A, Bolignano D, Dounousi E, Liakopoulos V.
International urology and nephrology · May 13, 2026
Plain-language summary

This pilot observational study investigated the relationship between MOTS-c — a mitochondria-derived peptide — and cardiovascular risk markers in 32 stable peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (mean age ~61 years, ~63% male). Researchers measured MOTS-c in three compartments: serum, urine, and peritoneal dialysate. Oxidative stress was assessed via plasma Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs), and vascular stiffness was evaluated using carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), with echocardiography used to assess left ventricular systolic function. The study found that urinary MOTS-c was inversely correlated with AOPPs (suggesting a link to lower oxidative stress) and positively associated with PWV and left ventricular systolic function. Dialysate MOTS-c showed a strong inverse correlation with PWV and with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, suggesting an association with a more favorable vascular profile. The authors propose a novel "Mitochondrial-Vascular Axis" in uremia and position MOTS-c as a potential biomarker. Key limitations include the very small sample size (n=32), pilot/cross-sectional design, single-center recruitment, and inability to establish causality from correlational data.

Why this grade: While conducted in humans, the study is a small (n=32) single-center pilot with a cross-sectional, correlational design, precluding causal inference or generalizability.

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Abstract

Purpose Oxidative stress (OS) and endothelial dysfunction are major drivers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in peritoneal dialysis (PD). MOTS-c, a mitochondria-derived peptide, is emerging as a key regulator of skeletal muscle health, metabolic homeostasis, and vascular function, yet its role in the uremic environment remains unexplored. We investigated the relationship between MOTS-c levels, OS markers, and vascular stiffness in PD patients. Methods This pilot, clinical study included 32 stable PD patients (mean age 60.7 ± 1.2 years, 62.5% male). MOTS-c levels were quantified in serum (sMOTS-c), urine (uMOTS-c), and peritoneal dialysate (dMOTS-c). Systemic oxidative status was assessed via plasma Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs). Vascular function was evaluated by carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), and left ventricular systolic function was assessed echocardiographically. Results Urinary MOTS-c (uMOTS-c) levels were inversely correlated with serum AOPPs (R = - 0.592, p = 0.012) and a positive association with PWV (R = 0.708, p = 0.001) and left ventricular systolic function (R = 0.440, p = 0.04). Conversely, dialysate MOTS-c (dMOTS-c) were strongly and inversely correlated with PWV (R = - 0.717, p = 0.019) as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (R = -0.5, p Conclusion Ηigher urinary MOTS-c was linked to lower systemic oxidative stress, suggesting a potential protective role, and associated with greater arterial stiffness, potentially reflecting a compensatory response to vascular injury. In contrast, higher peritoneal MOTS-c levels were associated with an improved vascular profile. These findings suggest a novel 'Mitochondrial-Vascular Axis' in uremia, highlighting MOTS-c as a potential biomarker.

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