Effects of graviola oil extract on fattening performance and circadian rhythms of adipokine, cardiac and mitochondrial function markers in lambs.
This study examined the effects of graviola (Annona muricata L.) oil extract (GOE) supplemented at three doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg feed) on growth performance and circadian rhythm profiles of several biomarkers in 48 male Anatolian Merino lambs over a 60-day feeding trial. Blood samples were collected at four time points across the day (07:00, 13:00, 19:00, and 01:00) on multiple study days to capture circadian variation. Measured biomarkers included Apelin (an adipokine), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), the circadian clock protein BMAL1, the mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c, and brown adipose mitochondrial carrier protein 1 (BMCP1), all assessed via ELISA. The 400 mg/kg dose was associated with the greatest linear improvement in live weight gain and with modulation of BMAL1, MOTS-c, and BMCP1 peaking at 19:00. The 600 mg/kg dose showed the most favorable results for Apelin and cTnI at certain time points. Limitations include the exclusive use of a single animal species, a relatively small sample size, lack of human relevance, and the observational nature of biomarker interpretation within a non-randomized animal production context.
Why this grade: The study was conducted entirely in lambs (n=48) with no human subjects or clinical translational data, limiting evidence to the animal level only.
Background This study investigated the effects of dietary graviola (Annona muricata L.) oil extract (GOE) (supplemented at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) on the growth performance and circadian rhythm profiles of adipokine, cardiac, and mitochondrial function biomarkers in 48 male Anatolian Merino lambs (2.5 months old). Methods Lambs were assigned to a control group (G0) or supplementation groups (G200, G400, G600 mg/kg) for a 60-day trial (70 days total). The study was conducted under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle to ensure controlled environmental conditions. To analyze circadian profiles, blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 at four time points (07:00, 13:00, 19:00, and 01:00). Serum levels of Apelin, cTnI, BMAL1, MOTS-c, and BMCP1 were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using GLM Multivariate analysis (p Results Key findings showed the G400 dose resulted in the most effective linear increase in live weight and live weight gain by day 60, and had a significant overall effect on live weight (p 0.05). Regarding biomarkers on day 60, the G400 dose effectively modulated BMAL1, MOTS-c, and BMCP1 (peak at 19:00). The G600 dose yielded the best results for Apelin (peak at 19:00) and cTnI (peaks at 13:00 and 07:00). Conclusions In conclusion, GOE at a dose of 400 mg/kg (G400) not only optimizes fattening performance in Anatolian Merino lambs but also supports metabolic homeostasis by modulating adipokine levels, cardiac function, and mitochondrial biogenesis processes in a manner consistent with the circadian rhythm. These findings demonstrate that the G400 dose is a safe and effective phytogenic strategy for improving animal health and production efficiency.
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