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The peptide literature, summarized and graded.

Every paper distilled to a plain-language summary with an honest evidence grade — from strong human trials to animal-only signals. 19 papers indexed and counting.

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Evidenceallreviewinsufficientlimited humananimal onlymoderate humanin vitro onlystrong humanpreclinical mixed
CompoundGLP-1semaglutidetirzepatideretatrutidethymosin beta-4BPC-157TB-500cagrilintidesermorelinsurvodutideGHK-CumazdutidePT-141melanotan
Filtered by #retatrutide · clear
Insufficient

Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Sabotage Fat Grafts? : A Scoping Review of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Effects on Adipocyte Biology and Implications for Autologous Fat Transfer.

This scoping review, conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, examines whether GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) — including semaglutide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, and retatrutide — may interfere with autologous fat grafting outcomes. The authors note that millions of patients using GLP-1 RAs for weight loss now present to aesthetic surgeons with facial volume loss and soft tissue deflation, conditions commonly treated with fat grafting. The review synthesizes preclinical and clinical evidence on how GLP-1 RA medications affect adipocyte biology, adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) function, and tissue revascularization. The authors identify several theoretical interference points: GLP-1-mediated adipocyte "browning" and thermogenic activation (including UCP1 upregulation), enhanced lipolysis via ATGL and HSL pathways, suppression of white adipogenic differentiation in ASCs favoring beige/thermogenic lineages, and altered angiogenic and inflammatory signaling during the revascularization window critical to graft survival. The authors explicitly acknowledge that no clinical or preclinical studies have directly examined fat graft outcomes in patients receiving these therapies. The review's conclusions are framed as hypothesis-generating, and any clinical considerations offered are described as mechanism-based rather than evidence-based. This limits the paper's direct applicability to patient care.

#semaglutide#tirzepatide#retatrutide#GLP-1
Aesthetic surgery journal · Jun 2026DOI ↗
Insufficient

Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the TRANSCEND-CKD trial of retatrutide in patients with chronic kidney disease.

TRANSCEND-CKD (NCT05936151) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2b mechanistic trial evaluating retatrutide — a triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors — in adults with overweight or obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The publication describes the trial's rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the 146 randomized participants (out of 367 screened). Participants had a mean age of 65.1 years, mean BMI of 35.7 kg/m², and mean measured GFR of 49.3 mL/min/1.73 m² (eGFR range 25–75). Roughly 38% had type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomized 1:1 to once-weekly retatrutide (maximum tolerated dose up to 12 mg) or matched placebo. The primary endpoint is change in measured GFR via iohexol clearance at 24 weeks; secondary endpoints include MRI-assessed kidney hemodynamics, volumes, and perirenal/renal sinus fat. The study is explicitly designed as a mechanistic precursor to the larger cardio-kidney outcomes trial TRIUMPH-Outcomes. Because this paper reports only design and baseline data — with no efficacy or safety outcomes yet — no conclusions about retatrutide's effects on kidney function can be drawn from it.

#retatrutide
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · May 2026DOI ↗
InsufficientPreprint

Evaluation of Research Grade Peptides Marketed Directly to Consumers Reveals Extensive Variability in Purity and Measured Abundance

This study analyzed a large, publicly available independent testing dataset of 6,441 samples spanning fourteen peptide compounds sold through largely unregulated gray market channels directly to consumers. Compounds examined included BPC-157, semaglutide, tirzepatide, PT-141, TB-500, thymosin beta-4, and others marketed for purposes such as injury recovery, muscle growth, fat loss, and athletic performance. Researchers applied two quality acceptance frameworks — one approximating standards for 503A compounded medications and a stricter model reflecting FDA-approved drug production standards — to assess purity, measured abundance, and endotoxin burden. The study found that between 41.6% and 71.1% of samples failed to meet basic quality criteria depending on the framework applied, and measurable endotoxin contamination was detected in 15% of samples. Gray market peptides were consistently cheaper than FDA-approved alternatives, though cost differentials varied widely (e.g., 72.8% higher for tirzepatide vs. 3,850% higher for PT-141 when comparing FDA-approved options). The authors concluded that consumer-directed third-party testing improves transparency but captures only a fraction of the full safety profile relevant to patients self-administering injectable compounds. Key limitations include reliance on a secondary dataset not collected under controlled research conditions and the inability to assess many other safety dimensions beyond purity and endotoxin levels.

#semaglutide#tirzepatide#retatrutide#cagrilintide
Unknown journal · Apr 2026DOI ↗
🧪 TrialInsufficient

Effect of LY3437943 Versus Placebo in Participants Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight

Registered Phase 2 interventional trial (recruiting). Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide (LY3437943) at multiple maintenance dose levels versus placebo in adults with obesity or overweight with weight-related comorbidities (without type 2 diabetes), alongside standardized diet and physical activity counseling.

#retatrutide
ClinicalTrials.gov · Mar 2026View trial ↗
🧪 TrialInsufficient

A Master Protocol of Multiple Agents in Adults With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (SYNERGY-Outcomes)

Registered Phase 3 interventional trial (recruiting). The main purpose of the SYNERGY-OUTCOMES study is to find out whether retatrutide and tirzepatide can prevent major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) in people with high-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The study will enroll adults who have MASLD based on non-invasive tests (NITs), which indicate they are more likely to develop MALO. Participants will be randomly assigned within a Master Protocol to receive either retatrutide (N1T-MC-RT01), tirzepatide (N1T-MC-TZ01) or placebo. The trial plans to enroll abo

#tirzepatide#retatrutide
ClinicalTrials.gov · Sep 2025View trial ↗
🧪 TrialInsufficient

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in the Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Individuals With Obesity

Registered Phase 3 interventional trial (active not recruiting). This is a study of retatrutide in participants with obesity. The main purpose is to learn more about how retatrutide maintains body weight loss. The study will have two treatment phases: an 80 week lead-in phase in which all participants will take retatrutide dose 1 and a 36 week randomized, double-blinded phase in which participants will either take retatrutide dose 1, retatrutide dose 2, or switch to placebo. Participation in the study will last around 125 weeks.

#retatrutide
ClinicalTrials.gov · Mar 2025View trial ↗
Insufficient

Compounded glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss: the direct-to-consumer market in Colorado.

This cross-sectional pilot study examined the direct-to-consumer market for compounded glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in Colorado. Researchers conducted Google searches of business websites advertising compounded GLP-1 products for weight loss across census-defined statistical areas between March and April 2024. They identified 93 websites corresponding to 188 physical locations. Most businesses were categorized as medical/health spas or weight loss services. Semaglutide was the most commonly advertised product (92/93 sites), followed by tirzepatide (40/93). Some sites advertised combination formulations including B vitamins, BPC-157 (flagged by the FDA as unsafe for compounding), and other additives. Seven sites advertised oral formulations. Notably, 41 of 93 websites referenced FDA approval in their product descriptions—a potentially misleading claim, as compounded products are not FDA-approved—and 5 sites incorrectly referred to products as "generic." The study's limitations include its focus on a single state, reliance on publicly available website data, and its pilot/cross-sectional design, which limits generalizability. The authors conclude that regulatory action is needed to address misleading advertising and safety concerns in this market.

#BPC-157#semaglutide#tirzepatide#retatrutide
Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · Dec 2024DOI ↗
🧪 TrialInsufficient

The Effect of Retatrutide Once Weekly on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Kidney Outcomes in Adults Living With Obesity (TRIUMPH-Outcomes)

Registered Phase 3 interventional trial (active not recruiting). The main purpose of this study is to determine if retatrutide can significantly lower the incidence of serious heart-related complications or prevent the worsening of kidney function. The trial will enroll adults with body mass index 27 kg/m\^2 or higher and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and/or chronic kidney disease. The study will last for about 5 years. Participants will have up to 27 clinic visits with the study doctor.

#retatrutide
ClinicalTrials.gov · Apr 2024View trial ↗
🧪 TrialInsufficient

Effect of Retatrutide Compared With Placebo in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Diet and Exercise Alone (TRANSCEND-T2D-1)

Registered Phase 3 interventional trial (completed). The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of retatrutide compared with placebo in participants with Type 2 Diabetes and inadequate glycemic control. The study will last about 11 months and may include up to 11 visits.

#retatrutide
ClinicalTrials.gov · Apr 2024View trial ↗
🧪 TrialInsufficient

Effect of Retatrutide Compared With Semaglutide in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Metformin With or Without SGLT2 Inhibitor (TRANSCEND-T2D-2)

Registered Phase 3 interventional trial (active not recruiting). The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of retatrutide compared with semaglutide in participants with Type 2 Diabetes and inadequate glycemic control with metformin with or without sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). The study will last about 26 months and may include up to 24 visits.

#semaglutide#retatrutide
ClinicalTrials.gov · Feb 2024View trial ↗
🧪 TrialInsufficient

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Obesity or Overweight

Registered Phase 3 interventional trial (active not recruiting). The purpose of this study is to is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of retatrutide in participants with type 2 diabetes in participants who have obesity or overweight (J1I-MC-GZBK master protocol) including a subset of participants who have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (J1I-MC-GSA2). The study will last about 89 weeks and will include up to 24 visits.

#retatrutide
ClinicalTrials.gov · Jul 2023View trial ↗
🧪 TrialInsufficient

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants Who Have Obesity or Overweight

Registered Phase 3 interventional trial (completed). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of retatrutide in participants who have obesity or overweight (J1I-MC-GZBJ master protocol) including subsets of participants who have knee osteoarthritis (OA) (J1I-MC-GOA1) or who have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (J1I-MC-GSA1). This study will last about 89 weeks and will include up to 24 visits. Addendum (2) is optional and available to approximately 500 participants to continue treatment with retatrutide for up to an additional 24 weeks.

#retatrutide
ClinicalTrials.gov · Jul 2023View trial ↗